-------------------------------------------------------------------

DAWN WIRE SERVICE

------------------------------------------------------------------- Week Ending : 01 February 1996 Issue : 02/05 -------------------------------------------------------------------
Contents | National News | Business & Economy | Editorials & Feateurs | Sports

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CONTENTS


NATIONAL NEWS

General ..........Govt stonewalled on question of appointments in national carrier ..........Opposition again stages walkout from senate ..........ICFTU warns Pakistan on child labour ..........Privitisation income to be used to retire debt ..........Officials anxiety stops probe into assets ..........Bungling in motor registration dept. ..........Ghulam Hussain Unnar dies ..........Punjab CM accuses PML of blast ..........Terrorists killed in real encounters claim Babar ..........N.D..Khan asks MQM for strike on Feb 5 ..........News and views of attack and N-test: ..........Troops trade fire along LoC ..........Delhi warned in strongest terms: Assef ..........Leghari rules out war with India ..........Bid to counter Prithvi threat Karachi Carnage ..........MQM activist Bhoora killed among 8 shot dead ..........Agencies Killing MQM workers, says Altaf ..........Ishtiaq asks Leghari to help save nine workers lives ---------------------------------

BUSINESS & ECONOMY

Placing Sui above politics PPL sale: opposition not based on sound facts Rupee looses 8 paisa against dollar Bank borrowing for budgetary support goes up to Rs41.2bn IMF assured of cut in defence expenditure CBR clarifies: advance tax also applicable to TDRs, SNDRs Exporters, bankers clash on exchange rate fluctuation Investors make fresh extensive purchases Stocks rise across broad front as investors cover positions KSE index suffers fresh setback ---------------------------------------

EDITORIALS & FEATURES

Stare terrorism Ardeshir Cowasjee Political power and the judiciary Ayaz Amir Pakistan: No cause for dismay Irshad Ullah Khan Blandishments for victory Editorial Column Living upto commitments to IMF Sultan Ahmed Recognition at last Editorial Column -----------

SPORTS

World cup mascot unveiled Incentives for world cup players announced PTV-PCB controversy re-emerges TV row continues to cloud World Cup =================================================================== DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS =================================================================== Exciting news about World Cup live Dream Team competition. To find out more about the Dream Team competition please look at the end of the issue. =================================================================== DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS ===================================================================

NATIONAL NEWS

960130 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Govt stonewalled on question of appointments in national carrier ------------------------------------------------------------------- Mohammad Malick ISLAMABAD, Jan 29: The governments uneasiness in answering any queries involving army officers, or their kin, became evident when all such questions in Senates question hour were stonewalled by the treasury. For the third time the government appeared extremely reluctant in furnishing a reply to questions relating to the appointment of the son and daughter-in- law of the military secretary to the prime minister in the national carrier. Anwar Bhinder had inquired Whether it is a fact that Kamran Quyum son of military secretary to the prime minister and Mrs Sajida daughter- in-law of the military secretary to the prime minister were inducted in PIA in pay group 6 & 5 respectively, if so, the date of their appointments, the pay fixed, the name of the selection board, the date for inviting of the applications and the criteria for their selection and the place of their present posting. Exasperation was written large on the face of minister of state for law, Raza Rabbani, as he promised to provide the information directly to Sen Bhinder. But Sen Bhinder wasnt buying time, and neither was the chairman of the Upper House. Concurring with Mr Bhinders logic for declining the offer, Wasim Sajjad said the entire House would like to know the answer and not Bhinder alone. Upon hearing the chairs views, Mr Rabbani immediately changed tactic and cagily emphasised that I dont want to be misunderstood, I said I would try to get the answer by tomorrow. He also wanted the chair to allow him more time for getting the information. But Mr Sajjad in no obliging mood and ordered the question to be included on the list for Tuesday, incidentally the last day of the current session as well. It was a difficult moment for Mr Rabbani who, forever ready to take on the opposition, clearly did not want to be bogged down in such a delicate situation and thinking better of carrying the cross for the defence minister, let go of the matter. The other question pertaining to armed forces personnel was also buried way deep at serial number 114 of the question hour list and once again a simple question had remained inexplicably unanswered. The MQMs Ishtiaq Azhar had inquired: Whether it is a fact that a few retired army officers have been inducted into the secretariat group recently, if so, their names, designations and experience and whether it is also a fact that all rules have been relaxed while making these appointments, if so, its justification. Unlike the earlier question, the government did not even bother offering a promise of a reply and the only one line reply proffered stated that reply not received. The strategy of stonewalling seemed to work for the government because when Dr Sher Afgan did offer a reply to another question he only ended up putting the government in an awkward position while personally, his extremely insolent attitude earned him the chairs ire. The clash was sired by a privilege motion moved by Fazal Agha who contended that in the past, while replying to his question regarding the grant of transit trade permits for Afghanistan, the government had claimed that no permits had been issued. Whereas, replying to another question by Sen Ibrahim some time later, the government conceded that 3,400 such permits had been issued. He, therefore, claimed a breach of privilege. Incidentally, the reply Fazle Agha had referred to had been made by none other than Dr Afgan himself who was standing in for the commerce minister. It appeared as if the minister had suddenly seen red as he took it upon himself to offer an explanation. He said as far as he was concerned his reply categorically excluded the involvement of the commerce ministry in the issuance of any such permit and he could not speak on behalf of any other authority which may have issued these permits. The commerce ministry has imposed a ban on issuing such permits, he concluded in a dismissive tone. The reply led to a brief haughty exchange between the minister and some opposition senators who challenged the logic of one minister conveniently passing on the buck to some other authority. At this point the chairman, too, decided to join the fray and thats when the real action started. Dr Afgan and Wasim Sajjad have locked horns in the past also over the thorny issue of the government flaunting his orders for the production of detained senators in the house, and that tension clearly translated into the heightening of tensions from the word go. Mr Sajjad blasted the minister for trying to absolve himself of the collective responsibility of the cabinet by offering the lame excuse of the commerce ministry not being involved. When an equally harsh sounding Afgan reiterated his earlier stance an irritated Mr Sajjad told him to sit down as he was himself confessing to being ignorant about who had issued the permits and why. The situation, destined for further deterioration, was somewhat saved by the timely intervention of the leader of the house, Malik Qasim. He assured the House that he would personally put the details before the House and when the chairman wanted to put off the matter till Tuesday he implored for an extension on the grounds that some of the concerned ministers were not in town. I might not be able to get in touch with them and, therefore, I do not want to mislead the House, he said. By now the chairmans anger seemed to have dissipated and the matter was put off for discussion at some future date. The other date that could prove unsettling for the government was proposed by Sen Tariq Chaudhry who wanted the next meeting of the privileges committee to be held in premises where senator Saeed Qadir is being detained by the government. He argued that since the committee has to hold a voting for the election of its chairman, it was the inviolable right of the jailed senator to exercise his vote, a desire he had also conveyed in writing to the chairman. Apprehending the governments determination in not complying with the chairs ruling to produce the jailed senator in the House, Tariq Chaudhry requested the chairman to take the committee to the jailed senator instead. You have the power to do this and I hope you will, he said. A sympathetic sounding Wasim Sajjad immediately remarked: It can be looked into. The chairmans reply must have made Raza Rabbani rather uncomfortable because the unprecedented spectacle of a parliamentary House committee holding its elections inside a jail are bound to make news headlines. DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS 960131 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Opposition again stages walkout from Senate ------------------------------------------------------------------- Mohammad Malick ISLAMABAD, Jan 30: With the opposition maintaining an average of one walkout a day, the practice seemed to have become an unofficial agenda of sorts in the current sitting. In fact, two walkouts on the last day of the session looked like a perfect finale. The first walkout, as has been the norm, was led by MQM senators protesting against alleged extra-judicial killings in Karachi while the other was led by Raja Zafrul Haq condemning the practice of legislation through ordinances. The government had laid six ordinances before the House. After a persistent hounding of the government and three rota days later, opposition senators finally managed to extract partial information regarding the PIA employment of the son and daughter-in- law of the military secretary to the prime minister. Raza Rabbani, informed the House that the issue of the two appointments had been played up by the Press in the past as a result of which the daughter-in-law had already resigned, while the son had taken a long leave of absence without pay. Claiming that the appointments had been made on merit, he nevertheless stopped short of divulging details of the manner of the appointments and other information relating to the identity of the members of the selection board. The question was deferred once again for want of details of the case. DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS 960126 ------------------------------------------------------------------- ICFTU warns Pakistan on child labour ------------------------------------------------------------------- Shadaba Islam BRUSSELS, Jan 25: International labour groups warned that they will continue to campaign for an end to the use of child labour in Pakistan. The International Confederation of Free Trade Unions (ICFTU), has called on the European Union to stop giving Pakistan millions of dollars worth of trade preferences because of the alleged use of child labour in the carpet, brick-laying, sports and other industries. The European Commission is currently studying the complaint. Bill Jordan, the ICFTUs general secretary told Dawn that his organisation was not convinced that Pakistan was making a serious attempt to comply with ILO standards. DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS 960129 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Privatisation income to be used to retire debts ------------------------------------------------------------------- Bureau Report LAHORE, Jan 28: The income to be raised from the sale proceeds of privatisation of public sector units will be used to retire foreign debt. This was stated by Privatisation Commission (PC) Chairman Syed Naveed Qamar. The government has earned Rs42 billion or so by selling public sector units so far. The PC is expected to sell United Bank Limited, Bankers Equity Limited, Pakistan Times, Mashriq (Lahore), Kot Addu and Jamshoro Power Stations, Habib Bank Limited, Faisalabad Electricity Board, Karachi Electricity Supply Company (KESC) as well as the Pakistan Telecommunication Corporation (PTC) by the end of this year. Most of these units will be transferred to the private sector before June, Syed Naveed Qamar said. He said: The commission is not in a hurry to sell public sector units. We are proceeding with extra care, especially in case of the PTC, to keep the whole process transparent. DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS 960126 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Officials anxiety stops probe into assets ------------------------------------------------------------------- Sabihuddin Ghausi KARACHI, Jan 25: A wave of anxiety and uncertainty swept through the government employees of grade 17 and above when the Federal Anti- Corruption Committee (FACC) headed by Senator Malik Mohammad Qasim sought from them the information about their assets, properties, income and expenditure statements, resulting in cabinets decision to terminate the process abruptly last month. Mr Mazharul Haq Siddiqui, in his report to the cabinet, blamed FACC for having misconstrued Government Servants (Conduct) Rules, 1994.The FACC circulated on Nov. 2 last a detailed proforma to all ministries and divisions asking all the government officers of grade 17 and above to provide details of their assets, properties, income and expenditure statement by Dec. 15. The FACC regulations seek information from the government servants about their properties and assets to ascertain a list of names of corrupt officials who are living beyond their means of income. The FACC was, however, authorised by the cabinet to get information on demand contained in statements of declaration of assets in specific cases of alleged corruption. DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS 960130 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Bunglings in motor registration dept ------------------------------------------------------------------- G.D. Ghauri KARACHI, Jan 29: The staff of the Excise and Taxation, Motor Wing Department, has evolved new measures to fleece tax-payers of the amount that had already been paid by them. It could not be ascertained whether the government treasury also suffered losses owing to the technique adopted in the department but the tax-payers are stated to be certain to suffer losses. The modus operandi of the staff handling computers in league with their colleagues is that different entries are made in the computer slips and in the registration books of vehicles regarding the period for which taxes had already been paid. The Registration Books where entries are hand-written about the amount and the tax period are considered authentic by the Taxation Department, the computer slips indicating details issued with them become of secondary importance and carry no value if they are not preserved properly by tax payers. The computer printed slips only if preserved properly could counter the wrong entries in the registration books and the tax payers might save themselves from duplicate taxes for the same term they are likely to pay. If the tax payers are in possession of the computer slips, the mistakes then could be rectified treating them  as mistakes of human error, otherwise, the faults would lie on the tax payers who are bound to repay again, tax payers who suffered for no fault on their part said. Since there is rush of tax payers during the current month which is the grace period for paying taxes for the next terms, such sort of glaring mistakes were brought to the notice by tax payers. How the staff members get rid of the tax payers is anybodys guess. But such sort of alleged bunglings are reported daily by tax payers who do not own computer slips to counter the staff, tax payers said. The staff members usually affix stamps on the registration books on entries of taxes and the period so that they could become ineligible by tax payers and the matter thus could become disputable. The signatures of the staff also appear ineligible sometimes, tax payers said. It may be mentioned here that the department is hounded by touts of all sorts who run in search of tax payers. No senior excise officer was available after 12.45 to bring alleged discrepancies to their notices to rectify them both in the interest of tax payers and the government treasury. DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS 960126 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Ghulam Hussain Unnar dies ------------------------------------------------------------------- H. A. Hamied KARACHI, Jan 25: Haji Ghulam Hussain Unnar, a most controversial politician and a strong opponent of the present government, died. He died of cardiac arrest at the hospital where he was admitted with heart problem, soon after his return from his hometown, where he had gone for the first time in last 22 months after his release on bail by the Supreme Court in an alleged case of sedition. During his detention and after his release on bail, his medical condition was very bad. Doctors had said that his heart was working only 26 per cent and he needed transplantation but he was not allowed to leave the country because his name was on the exit control list. He had been in and out of the hospitals ever since he was released. Mr Unnar remained in police custody for 22 months on various charges framed under blind FIRs and in addition to being charged for sedition about seven months ago. The sedition case was registered against him by the Sindh government for he had written a letter to President Farooq Leghari, complaining of delay in deciding his cases by the courts and the present judicial system. DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS 960131 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Punjab CM accuses PML of blasts ------------------------------------------------------------------- Bureau Report ISLAMABAD, Jan 30 : Punjab Chief Minister Sardar Arif Nakai said that preliminary investigations into the recent bomb blasts in the province had revealed the involvement of Pakistan Muslim League. We have arrested a few people involved in these incidents and will soon arrest the main culprits. He asserted that the PML was fully involved in these incidents. Asked how he was so sure about the PMLs involvement when the main culprits had not yet been arrested, Mr Nakai said I cannot disclose all the details at this moment as I dont want the main culprits to go underground. DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS 960128 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Terrorists killed in real encounters, claims Babar ------------------------------------------------------------------- Bureau Report ISLAMABAD, Jan 27 : Opposition senators, agitating against the alleged extra-judicial killing of MQM workers, staged a third token boycott of the current session while a defiant interior minister insisted that real terrorists had been killed in real encounters. In what has now almost become a routine pattern of opposition crying foul and walking out in the wake of every killing of MQM workers, Senator Ishtiaq Azhar raised the issue of the death of one Fahim Bhoora in police custody, equating it to a cold- blooded murder by the authorities. He lamented that instead of waiting for court verdicts, the police were busy killing detained MQM workers and supporters. The opposition charges were, however, dismissed as totally baseless by an equally determined interior minister. Gen (retd) Naseerullah Babar thundered that Fahim Bhoora was a terrorist and the other arrested people are terrorists and shall remain terrorists, and as long as Im the interior minister I will keep calling them so. He said there was no truth in the charges of fake encounters, pointing out that over 200 members of law enforcement agencies had so far been killed in operations. You dont get these figures in fake encounters, he said, adding, when armed terrorists attack law enforcement agency personnel, they must retaliate. Commenting on the Bhoora incident , Gen Babar said the terrorist had jumped to his own death from an unguarded window of a high building, and added that a judicial inquiry has already been launched into the incident. Dubbed Gen Jabir by his detractors, the interior minister made no efforts to sound appeasing to the opposition or appear accommodating on the question of the ongoing police operations in Karachi. He said :  I have been acting with a clear conscience and a deep conviction that I am taking the right action. An unruffled Gen Babar went on to state that the government did not believe in the persecution of any particular ethnic community but that the operations were aimed at rooting out the lawless elements. He said the opposition did not defend any form of terrorism, including state terrorism, but that it wanted the institutions to play their due role instead of Gen Babar making the whole thing into some personal affair. DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS 960131 ------------------------------------------------------------------- N.D. Khan asks MQM for strike on Feb. 5 ------------------------------------------------------------------- ISLAMABAD, Jan 30: Law Minister Prof. N.D Khan has said that the rocket attack by India in Forward Kahuta was out of sheer frustration on their part. He called upon all the political parties to condemn the Indian attack and show complete solidarity with Kashmiris on February 5  the day of solidarity with Kashmiris. If the Altaf Group wants to give a call for strike, they should choose Feb. 5 and make sure there are no terrorist activities on that day. This would be a great show of harmony with the Kashmiri brethren, he added. The law minister said that MQM and the leader of the opposition should condemn the Indian attack. Kashmir problem is an issue which does not concern any individual but the whole of the nation. DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS 960128 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Troops trade fire along LoC ------------------------------------------------------------------- Nasir Malick FORWARD KAHUTA (Azad Kashmir), Jan 27: Indian and Pakistani border security forces traded gunfire in disputed Kashmir region as thousands of people in this small hilly town mourned the death of 21 people killed in Indian rocket attack. An army spokesman said there was exchange of fire in Jammu area in which two Pakistani civilians were wounded. The Indians are violating the status of working boundaries in Jammu area bordering Pakistan. It is serious and we had to take certain preventive measures, he told reporters. It was one of the gravest violations of the cease-fire on the Line of Control since last three or four years, an army official said. Exchange of gunfire is a routine in this area but this attack is very grave violation of the cease-fire. DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS 960131 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Delhi warned in strongest terms: Assef ------------------------------------------------------------------- Bureau Report ISLAMABAD, Jan 30: Foreign Minister Sardar Assef Ahmed Ali issued a stern warning to India to desist from flexing its nuclear muscle and indulging in shrill rhetoric against Pakistan because such adventurous and dangerous policies could backfire. We have behaved with utmost restraint and responsibility, demonstrating to the world that we are a responsible nation, but our restraint must not be read as a weakness. We will take all the necessary steps to protect our people and India will pay a heavy price for such actions, he warned. Angrily responding to the Indian denial of the rocket attack, the foreign minister said it was an absured lie which even the UN Military Observer Group in India and Pakistan (UNMOGIP) had exposed. He asked India for an explanation for the unprovoked attack. DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS 960129 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Leghari rules out war with India ------------------------------------------------------------------- Bureau Report ISLAMABAD, Jan 28: President Farooq Ahmed Leghari said that Pakistan would respond to Indian rocket attack on a border town in Azad Kashmir, but ruled out any possibility of a war between the two countries. The attack killed 21 people and seriously wounded 25. He did not elaborate how Pakistan would respond but said Islamabad would not retaliate against civilians on the other side of the United Nations-monitored cease-fire line which divides two parts of the disputed Kashmir state. DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS 960201 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Bid to counter Prithvi threat ------------------------------------------------------------------- ISLAMABAD, Jan 31: Pakistan might be forced to build its own missiles if India continues its programme, President Farooq Ahmed Khan Leghari said. Pakistan will do whatever it can to respond for our own security because the induction of the Prithvi missile will create a very serious and a new threat perception for Pakistan. Leghari said Pakistan had yet to choose how it would counter any Indian move to start full-scale production of the Prithvi, which he said would be tantamount to deployment. We can also put in our effort to produce an indigenous missile, but we wish to avoid such a race, Leghari said. We dont want the introduction of new weapon systems of mass destruction. Prithvi is nuclear-capable and that is where its danger lies. The response time in Pakistan then becomes just two or three minutes, he said. That is why we have been asking for a zero-missile regime in South Asia. Asked if Pakistan would demonstrate its own nuclear potential if India carried out a test, he said: Pakistan will have to seriously think of the options available to it. DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS 960201 ------------------------------------------------------------------- MQM activist Bhoora killed among 8 shot dead ------------------------------------------------------------------- Staff Reporter KARACHI, Jan 26: An under-custody MQM activist, Fahimur Rehman alias Bhoora, was killed when, according to the police, he jumped off the second-storey of an under-construction building. Inquiries made by Dawn revealed that Fahim was believed to be another victim of extra-judicial killing as neighbours gave a different version of the incident. Four more MQM workers were among the 23 MQM activists who have been killed in alleged gunbattles with police or in custody this month among them being MQM activist Ansar Ahmed and his brother Akhtar Hussain. His relative Abid Hussain also fell victim to indiscriminate shooting when he tried to rescue the wounded people. Family claimed that soon after the attack they asked the occupants of a police APC for help but they refused. In another incident Nazim Mian, and Sadiq Ali, according to the police, were among the 15 terrorists who were holding a meeting in the C-1 Area graveyard when the police raided the site on a tip passed by the chief ministers crime monitoring cell. The police claimed that when they had arrived at the site, the group opened fire on them and in the 20-minute gunbattle that ensued, the two activists died while the rest fled. Constable Mohammad Ishaq was wounded, they said. But the residents of the area disputed the police version. Hospital volunteers who saw the bodies also said they had been hit in the back from a very close range. In yet another incident a MQM worker was killed, the victims two accomplices who escaped were identified by the police as Tariq Sipahi and Nadeem Marbalwalla. DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS 960126 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Agencies killing MQM workers, says Altaf ------------------------------------------------------------------- Staff Correspondent LONDON, Jan 25: While mourning the death of another party worker, the MQM leader has alleged that Akbar was killed in a fake encounter. In such circumstances, they have no other choice but to go underground, said Altaf Hussain. He was arrested and allegedly killed by the rangers and the police. The authorities, he added, had refused to hand over the body until Akbars wife signed an admission that her husband was a terrorist. Mr Hussain said that at least 12 MQM workers had died in the last few days as a result of fake encounters. DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS 960131 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Ishtiaq asks Leghari to help save nine workers lives ------------------------------------------------------------------- Staff Reporter KARACHI, Jan 30: Senator Ishtiaq Azhar urged the President to save the lives of seven arrested MQM workers who he feared will either be killed in custody or in fake encounters. The Senator said four party workers Rehan, Rizwan, Amir and Mohsin, who were arrested on Jan 25, were being severely tortured by rangers. He alleged that either these workers would be killed in custody or declared dead in a cooked up encounter. Senator Azhar alleged that two other workers Adnan and Rizwan, brother-in-law of Rehan Ahmed Khan, an MQM activist killed recently in custody, were being tortured to extract confessional statements from them. In a statement, he urged human rights organisations and journalists to take notice of the alleged torture. He said Rizwan and Adnan were arrested by the police of Jan 20. Describing the encounter as fake in which party worker Khalid Jamil was killed, followed by the arrest of Aamir Allahawalla and Shahzad Ali. Senator Azhar said Syed Shahzad Ali, was arrested by the law enforcement agencies on Jan 13 and on Jan 18 he was handed over to Orangi police station. On Jan 24, Senators Aftab Ahmed Shaikh and Nasrin Jalil condemned his arrest which is on the record but police cooked up a story that he was arrested on Jan 29 on tip given Amir Allahwalla. Even Aamir Allahwalla, he said, was arrested on the night of Jan 29 during raid in Surjani Town. He renewed appeal to the President and the Chief Justice of the Sindh High Court to take suo moto notice of the alleged torture and extra- judicial killings of MQM activists and harassment of supporters.

BUSINESS & ECONOMY

960127
------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Placing Sui above politics
------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Kunwar Idris

THE MORE the politicians speak, the less the people know. This maxim 
fits well the statements made by the former and present petroleum 
ministers on the disposition of Sui gas field. The obfuscation at both 
ends is patently deliberate to browbeat or to embarrass each other. 
The right of the people to know the facts and contribute to the debate 
is thus being lost in a political wrangle. 

A brief background information should help in understanding the 
assertions of the ministers and what they are trying to state or 
conceal. Sui gas field was discovered in 1952 by Burmah Oil of 
Britain. Two years later Pakistan Petroleum Limited (PPL) was 
incorporated to own and exploit the field. PPL has since then owned 
and operated the field. In this company, 63.9 per cent shares are held 
by Burmah, 29.5 percent by the Government of Pakistan and 6 percent by 
International Finance Corporation. The remaining fraction of one 
percent are held by the public. The majority ownership of the gas 
field thus vests and has always vested in Burma, a foreign company.   

For many years now Burmah has declared its intention to quit Sui; for, 
after its merger with Castrol its strategy worldwide was to 
concentrate on the marketing of oil and lubricants. Burma's effort to 
sell its share in PPL failed to evoke interest of any company of 
standing not even of its old partner in Pakistan, Shell. The reason 
for this lack of interest, broadly speaking, was the fast depleting 
reserves, meddlesome behaviour of the Balochistan administration and 
local tribes and the pricing policy of the Government of Pakistan.    

Over three years ago after a long and expensive process, Burmah chose 
to sell its share to a consortium of Premier of Britain and Dalle 
Albarake of Saudi Arabia. In the circumstances theirs was the best bid 
for Burmah and an acceptable combination for the government because 
Premier possessed the experience of working in Pakistan and Dalle-
Albaraka the money needed for investment.

Mysterious decision    

Having agreed in principle in the first instance, the government 
finally, and mysteriously, chose (in 1992) not to give its consent to 
the Burmah - Premier - Alberaka transaction. To refuse consent, a rule 
of 1949 vintage was invoked which was an anachronism in en age where 
the government is bending ever backward to attract foreign investment. 
The controlling shares in PPL are owned by Burmah. It could sell them 
to anyone it liked. In the spirit of even the archaic rule of 1949 the 
government could have withheld consent only if it suspected the new 
owner was a saboteur or wholly incompetent to manage the field. That 
certainly could not be said about the combination of skill and wealth 
the new buyer represented.    

Whatever the motive or reason for refusal to endorse the transaction, 
and they remain buried in the chests of the political leaders of the 
time (1992), three years critical to the technical appraisal and 
further development of Sui reservoir have been lost. Burma, quite 
justifiably, would not make the huge investment required for it had 
made up its mind to quit. Sui reserves are fast depleting. By the turn 
of the century the production from the field is expected to fall 
steeply. To reach the untapped reservoirs in deeper horizons new 
technology and large investments are needed. Whatever authority, legal 
or moral, the government possesses in influencing Burmah's sale, the 
sole criterion in exercising it should be whether the new owner can 
bring the kind of technology and money needed to sustain the 
production of gas from Sui at the present level of about 60( million 
cubic feet a day (nearly one third of national production) for a 
number of years into the 21st century. When the country is desperately 
looking for foreign investment in all sectors of its economy, 
xenophobia coming into play when a foreign investor wants to come into 
Sui is wholly un-understandable, Foreign capital and latest technology 
combined with the management expertise of PPL built over the past 40 
years could renew the productive life of the field for a number of  
years to come.    

A great setback

Talking of foreign investment, nowhere does the country need it more 
than in oil and gas development. We can run our own banks and 
factories but can neither muster the risk capital nor the advanced 
technology needed for exploration and recovery from deeper horizons. 
It was a setback when Occidental of America, a world giant, after 
years of deliberation chose not to invest in the depleting oil wells 
of Potohar and instead passed them on to a local company for residual 
recovery. The same fate should not befall Sui which is nation's pride 
and a synonym for natural gas even when it comes out of 50 or more 
other wells in various parts of the country. A foreign majority holder 
in the PPI could cause no damage to Sui. He has to produce to the 
maximum to sell in bulk to the distribution companies. Under our much 
publicised policy foreigners can pull out their investment whenever 
they like. An investor in gas and oil field has to wait for long years 
to recover it. It is not cash or machinery which he can pack up and 
sell whenever he likes The fear of foreign exploitation thus should be 
non-existent. In any case the company will be run by Pakistani 
professionals, and even in a free market regime the government will 
have greater say in the pricing and distribution of oil and gas than 
in other commodities and services.

Also figuring in the controversy of the ministers is the Qadirpur gas 
field. The concern shown on the reported sale of Burmah's 8.5 per cent 
and PPL's 7 percent share in this field to the Broken Hill Properties 
of Australia is not at all understandable. With OGDC owning 75 percent 
of the field and operating it, no apprehension should arise on a world 
ranking conglomerate, which BHP is, replacing the present uninterested 
relatively small companies. Qadirpur is the biggest discovery of gas 
after Sui. In this transaction neither the government nor opposition 
should interfere. If at all, BHP should be encouraged to enhance its 
stake in Pakistanis petroleum sector.    

A negative signal went to the world petroleum investors when the 
previous government for no declared reason refused to approve Burma's 
sale to Premier - Albaraka consortium. It went contrary to the 
national policy on investment. That sordid tale should not now be 
repeated when new and bigger willing investors are coming forth to 
replace those who are long seeking to quit.    

They all know their own mind and have their strategies. They are also 
fully capable of safeguarding their own interest. Sui and Qadirpur 
constitute a vital link in the national life-line and should not be 
allowed to become victims to the politics of protest.

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960127
------------------------------------------------------------------- 
PPL sale: opposition not based on sound facts
------------------------------------------------------------------- 
M. Ziauddin

There is always more than one side to an argument. And it is always 
prudent to know what all these other points of view are, especially 
while trying to find out the real truth about a billion dollar scandal  
in the making. Let us first see who the main actors are in this high 
drama in the country's gas sector. The first is Burmah Castrol which 
want; to sell all of its 63.91 per cent shares in Pakistan Petroleum 
Limited (PPL) to the second actor, the BHP which in turn wants to sell 
these shares under a back-to-back arrangement to the third actor, the 
Hashoo group. The second actor BHP also wants to purchase 15.5 percent 
shares in Dadirnur gas field ( 8.5 per cent from Burmah Oil Netherland 
Exploration(BONE), a company wholly owned by BC and 7 percent from 
PPL).

A few years back, Burmah's board decided to disinvest all upstream 
petroleum projects/operations, including its equity in PPL. Since then 
Burmah Castrol has been trying to get rid of its shares in the PPL. 
Sometime back, when Shell, a reputable international oil company 
showed an interest in these shares, the government refused to issue 
the NOC (required under the Exploratson and Production Rules 1986) on 
the grounds that country's interests would not be served if the 
majority shares in such a strategic national resource were to pass 
from one foreign hand to another. The NOC was denied again, when a 
consortium of the local employees of the company offered to take over 
the shares. This time the reason given for the refusal was: the 
consortium lacked the needed experience.

So, the BC awaited the arrival on the scene of the right party with 
the right credentials to unburden its PPL shares. But just when it 
thought the waiting time had ended President Farooq Leghari stepped in 
and here is what he has said about the proposed deal involving the 
local Hashoo group: Is the Hashoo group really appropriate or 
qualified for the transaction? The seller is Burmah-Castrol, does not 
appear to have discussed the transaction with Hashoo group.

Does Hashoo group possess the required experience, track record and 
management depth to justify this level of responsibility? After all 
the deal, if it goes through, will place half of the country's total 
gas resources in the hands of one inexperienced private group which 
has only recently entered the oil gas business. It could have 
important monopolis tics implications leading to potentially and 
significantly higher prices for the consumers and resulting in low 
receipts of Gas Development Surcharge revenues for the government."

Buyer's status:

Let us first examine the first part of the Presudential observation 
which questions the qualifications of Hashoo group. On the face of it 
the group does qualify for the transaction as one of its subsidiaries, 
Zaver Petroleum, has already acquired Occidental of Pakistan from Oxy 
of the USA together with its working interest and operation in three 
oil-fields namely Dhurnal Bhangali, and Ratana. Besides this, Zaver 
Petroleum owns percentage working interest in three joint venture 
blocks in OGDC. But there-is, in view of the Presidential doubts, a 
need to look further into the matter with a technical and financial 
toothcomb. Especially, why BC did not deem it fit to sell the shares 
direct to Hashoo group. Also, there is need for some back probing in 
the Oxy deal as a number of questions were raised in the Press at that 
time, especially on the issue of actual price Zaver Petroleum paid for 
the purchase of OPI and Oxy interests in Pakistan. Mr.Sadruddin 
Hashwani, the man behind the Hashoo group, has over the years acquired 
for himself an image of being an adventurer. But such images come 
naturally to men who prove that you can "get rich quick" without 
having to rob a bank. Most of the companies on the Fortune's list of 
500 were started by such men. But still, that is no qualification, and 
the credentials of the group need to be looked into more thoroughly 
before they are allowed to buy the BC shares in PPL.

Question of surcharge

The second part of the Presidential observation is too far fetched. 
The President does not clarify how the monopolistic aspect that he 
fears would appear following the transaction, is being tackled now 
with a foreign company already holding the majority shares in the PPL. 
Also, he does not say how the government has so far succeeded in 
keeping the BC from not interfering with the prices and why the 
present arrangement has so far not threatened the income from 
development surcharge head. Probably those who briefed him on the 
matter have purposely tried to confuse him. The BC not only owns 63.9 
percent shares in the PPL but also owns 8.5 percent share through BONE 
in Qadirpur gas fields, but still, under the rules, it can neither 
interfere with the gas prices, nor can it affect in any way incomes 
from the development surcharge. However, if the BHP which have been 
offered the 8.5 percent shares of BONE in Qadirpur, also get 7 percent 
of PPL shares in the fields, under the rules of the joint venture, it 
gets an effective voice in the decision making process as far as 
Qadirpur gas fields are concerned which alone are contributing Rs. 400 
million by way of Development surcharge. It is this Rs.400 million 
that are being threatened immediately (and that too only if the BHP 
gets the 7 percent PPL share) and not the Rs. 6.6 billion which are 
coming in as development surcharge from Sui and Khandkot.

So, in the real sense, the President is only opposing the sale of 7 
per cent of PPL shares in Qadirpur gas fields to the BHP. Also, as he 
has rightly pointed out, the ECC is not competent to sell these shares 
because the Cabinet decision already disallows the sale of any 
discovered field.

The President, however, has not asked why Hashoo group could not get 
the BC to enter into direct transaction with it and why it needed a 
foreign oil company to play the middle man. He however, has rightly 
wondered whether the offer to sell 7 percent of PPL shares in Qadirpur 
to BHP was the Australian company's compensation for acting as a 
'front' for facilitating the sale of PPL to Hashoo group.

Besides, the President has rightly observed that any action to further 
enhance the attractiveness for BHP through an unrelated Qadirpur/PPL 
transaction, as proposed, without competition and without equal 
opportunity to other oil companies operating in Pakistan would 
undermine the transparency as well as the fair application of the 
Petroleum Policy. However, when the President says that any assurance 
from BHP/Hashoo group on prices would go against the spirit of the 
Memorandum of Understanding signed between IFC and GOP on natural gas 
pricing issue in return for an IFC loan of $80 million. For PPL's 
compression project, he is actually conceding that gas prices are 
bound to go up whether the PPL/Qadirpur transaction goes through or 
not. His argument that it would be in Pakistan's interest to retain 
the maximum options in PPL so that the strategy and policy with regard 
to this field remain free from interference from any private group 
acting in its own narrow economic interests would have been valid and 
acceptable only if that was the position at present. But this is not 
so. At present the GOP owns only 29.41 percent of the PPL. And the 
rest of the shares are with a foreign private company already, with 
only a small fraction in possession of IFC.

However, in order to overcome this weakness, the President has made an 
unique suggestion. He wants the government to buy off BC. And then 
disinvest the shares on the market within two years. In other words he 
wants nationalisation of BC's shares for the time being. Does he know 
the kind of signal that this one single step would send to the world 
outside and to the foreign investors planning to come to Pakistan? And 
then from where does he think he could raise so much money to buy the 
BC options in PPL? From the IFC? Despite what is being desired by the 
President, the World Bank affiliate would not touch the proposal with 
a barge pole. The majority shares of PPL, to the tune of 63.91 percent 
are already in the hands of a foreign company. It also owns 8.5 
percent share in Qadirpur gas. There is no way the government of 
Pakistan can buy these options. So, the whole game appears to be 
intended to keep the BHP from acquiring an effective voice in the 
Qadirpur gas fields. But, the question is, why?

The BHP is a reputable Australian company with over 100 years of 
experience in oil exploration, development and marketing. It has come 
to Pakistan very recently and is engaged in the prestigious two 
billion dollar Iran to Pakistan gas pipeline project. It has already 
spent its money and time on the preparation of the feasibility report 
of the project and now also on defining the project.

Why should there be any reservations if such a company is keen to join 
the mainstream gas production, marketing and transmission systems in 
this country. Such an involvement would be mutually beneficial as the 
consequent enhancement in the understanding of the Pakistani market 
would encourage BHP to expand its investment interests in the 
country's mineral development efforts and on the other hand Pakistan 
would gain immensely in terms of capital and technological transfer.

No private company is bigger than the government. Therefore, whether 
it is BHP or Hashoo group, if they do not operate in this country 
within the parameters set by the government, they could be deprived of 
these assets with one single Ordinance. So, there is no need to panic 
at every privatisation deal. But then it is also prudent to look 
before you leap. And it is always better to debate an issue in the 
open rather than push it through behind the nation's back.

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960201
------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Rupee loses eight paisa against dollar
------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Commerce Reporter

KARACHI, Jan 31: The parity of the rupee was readjusted lower by eight 
paisa against the dollar, refixing its rate against the green back at 
Rs 34.33 and 34.50 for buying and selling, respectively.
    
The chief worry of the government is to achieve the export target of 
$9.2 billion, which appears pretty difficult, as the figures of the 
first 6 months of the current year showed a decline of five percent, 
said a leading exporter.
    
The export figures for the first half of the current fiscal year 
showed a decline of over five per cent rather than the projected 
increase sending shock waves in the official quarter, they added.
    
Official sources said the devaluation is inevitable to keep the value 
of rupee competitive otherwise the export target of $9.2 billion will 
be hard to achieve.
    
After having fallen to two-year low of Rs 18 billion in early 
December, the forex reserves rose to Rs 52 billion in January, but are 
again on the decline, they added.

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960130
------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Bank borrowing for budgetary support goes up to Rs 41.2bn
------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Bureau Report

ISLAMABAD, Jan 29: Bank borrowing for budgetary support by January 4, 
1996 went up to Rs 41.2 billion against the full year target of Rs 
28.1 billion and Rs 18.24 billion recorded in the corresponding period 
last year.
    
The government had earlier claimed that budgetary borrowing had come 
down to less than Rs 40 billion by December 31, 1995, from Rs 55 
billion recorded in the first five months of the current financial 
year.
    
According to the fortnightly report of the State Bank on the liquidity 
and domestic borrowing situation for the period ending January 4, net 
borrowing by the government sector during this period declined further 
by Rs 5.8 billion to Rs 41.3 billion compared with the decline of Rs 
2.9 billion to Rs 47 billion in the preceding fortnight.
    
Net financing for commodity operations had declined by only Rs 0.5 
billion as compared with much larger retirement of credit of Rs 5.7 
billion on this account during the corresponding period last year.
    
Private sector credit, which had risen by Rs 6 billion to Rs 39.9 
billion in the preceding fortnight, rose by a larger amount of Rs 9.1 
billion and stood at Rs 49 billion as of January 4, 1996.
    
In the corresponding fortnight last year, private sector credit had 
expanded by Rs 9.9 billion to Rs 36.6 billion. The expansion, though 
in line with the seasonal trend, indicates the need to further tighten 
the monetary stance in order to contain the domestic credit within 
stipulated limits, the SBP report said.
    
Net foreign assets of the banking system, which had extended a 
contractionary impact of Rs 51.4 billion in the period upto December 
21, 1995, improved by Rs 8.4 billion to (minus) Rs 42. 9 billion 
during the fortnight ended January 4, 1996.
    
Domestic credit expanded by 12.44 per cent or Rs 94.8 billion which 
was higher by 0.03 percentage point or Rs 0.25 billion than last 
reported up to December 21, 1995, and compared favourably with the 
expansion of 1.1 per cent or Rs 9.1 billion reported in the preceding 
fortnight.
    
Expansion recorded so far, 12.44 per cent, was, however, much higher 
than the expansion of 3.70 per cent recorded in the corresponding 
period last year and also compares unfavourably with the target of 
14.27 per cent for the full year.

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960201
------------------------------------------------------------------- 
IMF assured of cut in defence expenditure
------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Aslam Sheikh

ISLAMABAD, Jan 31: Pakistan is to make determined efforts to contain 
defence expenditure and reduce it as percentage of Gross Domestic 
Product (GDP) beginning from the next fiscal year.
    
This commitment has been made to the International Monetary Fund as 
part of the on-going economic reforms linked with the $600 million 
stand-by credit negotiated recently.
    
Pakistans commitment, however, is couched in a cautious language 
making it clear that any reduction in defence expenditure will have to 
be consistent with the security needs of the country. The current 
level budgeted for the fiscal year 1995-96 is 5.3 per cent of the GDP.

DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS 
960128
------------------------------------------------------------------- 
CBR clarifies : Advance tax also applicable to TDRs, SNDRs
------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Aslam Sheikh

ISLAMABAD, Jan 27: The Central Board of Revenue has clarified to the 
banks that advance tax of paisa 20 per one hundred rupee is also 
applicable to what are called TDRS (term deposit receipts) and SNDRS 
(short notice deposit receipts) in banking jargon in addition to other 
financial instruments used for inland transfer of money.

Some bankers allege this levy is scaring away depositors who see in it 
a new move to subject bank deposits to harsh taxation. The new tax in 
addition to the withholding one at ten per cent on profits of such 
deposits will also discourage the drive to attract new bank deposits, 
insist some bankers.
    
A bank sources said the CBR could not come with a clear definition of 
the terminology SPECIAL DEPOSITS. In discussions that followed and 
through one of its/circulars/excluded term deposit receipts and short 
deposit receipts from the purview of new advance tax later, a source 
revealed, the earlier exclusion was reversed by the CBR and banks were 
directed that TDRS and SNDRS were also subject to the new advance tax.

DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS 
960131
------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Exporters, bankers clash on exchange rate fluctuation
------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Staff Reporter

KARACHI, Jan 30: Exporters and top bankers clashed in the Federal 
Export Promotion Board meeting, with Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto in 
chair on issue of exchange rate fluctuation of Pakistani rupee.
    
Exporters pleaded for due consideration to be given to the changes in 
cross rates of European and US currencies as the recent appreciation 
of the US dollar has not been reflected in the exchange rate of rupee 
by the SBP after devaluation.
    
The exporters, therefore, suggested that SBP to operate float 
management mechanism to respond quickly to the fluctuation in US 
dollar and European currency rates in determination of exchange rate 
of Pakistani rupee.

DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS 
960126
------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Investors make fresh extensive purchases
------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Commerce Reporter

KARACHI, Jan 25: Stocks finished the weekend session amid an extended 
bullishness. The Karachi Stock Exchange index of 100-share ended close 
to its next chart point of 1,600 at 1,591.50 as compared to 
Wednesdays 1,562.53.
    
The big gainers were led by PSO, which seemed to be reviving old 
memories and is heading towards its previous peak level of well over 
Rs 400 for a 10-rupee share. It rose by Rs 27 to 300 amid active 
trading.
    
Other energy shares were also actively traded at the current lower and 
rose under the lead of KESC, which posted a fresh gain of Rs 3.

Adamjee Insurance added a fresh sharp gain of Rs 14 to its overnight 
rise of Rs 10.50, rising well over Rs 30. Other good gainers were led 
by Siemens Pakistan, D.G.Khan cement, National Fibre, NDLC, and PIC, 
which posted gains ranging from Rs 4 to 32.ICP SEMF, Citicorp, Capital 
Securities, Engro Chemicals, Telecard, Metropolitan and Prime Bank 
were among the other leading gainers.
    
Lever Brothers fell sharply by Rs 15 and was leading among the 
prominent losers followed by Pakistan Elektron, Orient Board, Dewan 
Salman, BOC Pakistan, Wellcome Pakistan, Sitara Chemicals, Pakistan 
Refinery, and ALICO, falling by one rupee to Rs 1.50.
    
Hub-Power topped the list of most actives, up Rs 1.30 on 12.445 
million shares, followed by PTC vouchers, lower 40 paisa on 6.760 
million shares, Lucky Cement, up 20 paisa on 1.410 million shares, 
Crescent Textiles, up 50 paisa on 767,800 shares, Fauji Fertiliser, 
lower 35 paisa on 542,000 shares, Dhan Fibre, steady 15 paisa on 
760,500 shares, Faysal Bank, easy five paisa on 362,500 shares, and 
ICI Pakistan, easy 15 paisa on 356,000 shares. There were several 
other notable deals also.
    
There were 354 actives, out of which 155 shares rose, while 102 fell, 
with 97 holding on to the last levels.

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960127
------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Stocks rise across broad front as investors cover positions
------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Muhammad Aslam

STOCKS rose across a broad front during the preceding week. Big 
increase in the KSE 100-share index, which surged by about 100 points 
to 1,591.50 as compared to last week's 1,492.47 showed that the run-up 
is real and could be sustained during the coming sessions too.

The market firm stance and uppish leaning is also evident in a big 
fresh increase of 99.03 points in the KSE 100 share index signalling 
that its next chart point could be 1,600 points before the month is 
out.

"The current equity rates are about 30 percent lower than other 
emerging markets and provide an attractive bait for any foreign 
investor", floor brokers said.

Dealers said a big rise of well over 60 points in the index just in 
few sessions, which added Rs 9 billion to the market capitalisation at 
Rs 342 billion is not a small an achievement and speaks of qualitative 
change in the share trading.

Bulk of the support, however, remained centred around PTC vouchers, 
which were massively traded and the interesting feature was that it 
crossed the barrier of Rs 32 after several months of sluggishness.

Hub-Power followed it, rising sharply on active follow-up support and 
was traded massively.

Lucky Cement, Fauji Fertiliser and ICI Pakistan have recently joined 
the selected band of current favourites and were again heavily traded 
mostly at the higher levels.

Adamjee Insurance, which has been dormant for the last several weeks 
also burst into activity and rose sharply on news of strong foreign 
buying.

Trading volume was maintained the last week's level of 104 million 
shares bulk of which went to the credit of PTC vouchers and HubPower. 
Both were traded massively in each session on reported strong foreign 
buying. Some other MNCs also followed them under the lead of IM 
Pakistan, and Fauji Fertiliser and the Faysal Bank.

The notable feature of the week was, PTC vouchers alone accounted for 
30 million shares.

During the next week also, both theses are shares expected to lead the 
market advance and could take some other shares in the sectors along-
with them, notably in the energy sector where the newly listed Sitara 
Energy has already assumed the role of a most active scrip.

Other actively traded shares included Askari Bank, Dhan Fibre Ibrahim 
Fibre, Sub Southern, Sui Northern, Tri-Pack Films, D.G. Khan Cement, 
LTV Modaraba and Honda Atlas.

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960201
------------------------------------------------------------------- 
KSE index suffers fresh setback
------------------------------------------------------------------- 
Commerce Reporter

KARACHI, Jan 31: Stocks gave another subdued performance. Selective 
support, however, figured prominently on the blue chip counters, which 
did not allow the market to fall below the current sustainable levels.
    
The Karachi Stock Exchange index of share prices suffered a fresh 
setback of 2.41 points at 1,594.48 as compared to 1,596.89 a day 
earlier.
    
Although minus signs again dominated the list, Attock Refinery, for 
instance, rose by another Rs 10 on news of higher interim followed by 
PSO, which recovered Rs 5 after last two days persistent decline.
    
Siemens Pakistan followed it, which also posted a gain of Rs 10 on an 
identical reasons. Other MNCs, which followed it included Brooke Bond, 
Rafhan Maize, Pakistan Oilfields, National Refinery, and some other 
rising by Rs 3 to 5.
    
Among the locals, which showed good gains, 4th ICP, Bank of Punjab, 
Crescent Bank, Al-Abid Silk, National Fibre and Frontier Sugar were 
leading, rising by one rupee to Rs 5.
    
Dadabhoy Insurance, which was quoted spot after a big decline of Rs 43 
was the leading loser, followed by Fazal Textiles(r), Sana Industries, 
and Quality Steel, which fell by Rs 2 to 3.50.
    
ICI Pakistan, Reckitt and Colman, Wellcome Pakistan, and PIC were 
other prominent losers falling by one rupee to Rs 10.
    
The most active list was topped by Hub-Power, off 90 paisa on 9.277 
million shares, PTC vouchers, lower 45 paisa on 7m shares, Lucky 
Cement, off 75 paisa on 1.616m shares, Tri-Pack Films, off Rs 1.15 on 
0.795m shares, Faysal Bank, easy five paisa on 0.791m shares, ICI 
Pakistan, lower one rupee on 0.331m shares, LTV Modaraba, lower 10 
paisa on 0.266m shares, and Mohib Textiles, up 35 paisa on 0.265m 
shares.
    
Trading volume fell to 26.589 million shares from the previous 30.935 
million shares owing to the absence of leading sellers.
    
There were 347 actives, out of which 157 shares suffered fall while 
108 rose, with 82 holding on to the last levels.

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EDITORIALS & FEATURES

960126 ------------------------------------------------------------------- State terrorism ------------------------------------------------------------------- Ardeshir Cowasjee STATE terrorism: Government by intimidation and carried out by the party in power; a policy intended to strike with terror the people against whom it is adopted; the systematic use of terror or unpredictable violence against defenceless people. It has been practised by weak or authoritarian governments throughout world history. Our ignorant or revengeful governments have invariably employed state terrorism, but never before in the history of this country has it been practised so systematically as is being done at present against a section of the populace of Karachi. People are being murdered, whilst in custody, by the government forces of law and order. Whatever be the provocation, this cannot be condoned. And, after the murders have been committed we are told that because of an 'incident or an 'encounter' the police were forced to kill. No one believes this. The latest known massacre in custody took place on January 20. At 0500 hours, a posse of armed police and Rangers in 35 mobiles under the command of Toufiq Zahid Khan, SHO of the Khawaja Ajmer Nagri police station and ASI Ayaz, raided and laid siege to the house of the in laws of Rehan Ahmed Khan in Dastagir Colony. They had no warrants, nor were they accompanied by women police officers. Women and children were subjected to search, intimidation and, in some cases, beatings. During the four hour siege of the area, seven men were arrested, and five; including Rehan, were killed. It is feared that the remaining two, who are still held in custody, will meet the same fate. The senior-most Senator of the MQM, Ishtiaq Azhar, has appealed to the newly harnessed centre 'trotter' of the Troika, COAS General Jehangir Karamat, a good soldier capable of ordering those under him not to kill their fellow citizens. The Rangers, after all, are commanded by regular army officers. 'Tikkakhanish' or 'Babaric' action attract nothing but disgust. State terrorism can take many forms. Murder is only one of them. Another form is that now being practised by Kamaluddin Azfar, Governor of Sindh. He creates alarm by now and then making efforts to destabilise the people supported organisation, the CPLC - in the working of which the people have great faith and trust - headed by volunteers Nasim Haji and Jameel Yusuf. His campaign to dislodge Nazim flopped. Being more loyal than the queen, he tried to get rid of Nazim merely because he had written a letter to the Press saying that he felt that under the present misrule the downfall of the country would come sooner than predicted by the then World Bank SVP Shahid Hussain. Now Jameel, who supported Nazim, is the honourable Governor's target. False information was disseminated. It was said that the 'agencies' had discovered that Jameel was involved in the killing of the two American Consular staff members in Karachi last March. The leak, picked up from the Governor's mansion, was printed in Jang and Nawa-i- Wagt on January 15. This created a stir amongst the people who have more faith in the CPLC than they have in the government agencies. And, of course, the lower ranks of the police force, highly resentful of the CPLC, fanned the fire. On January 18, Jameel wrote to the Governor requesting that an investigation be held into the false and defamatory statement. On January 24, Jang carried the following front-page news item: "Governor Sindh has ordered the immediate dismissal of Jameel Yusuf, Deputy Chief of the CPLC, following reports of the involvement of his nephew in terrorist activities. In a letter addressed to the IGP Sindh, the Governor lauded the role of the CPLC in combating crime and stated that a person such as Jameel Yusuf is not fit to serve in a sensitive organisation like the CPLC, formed to help innocent people who are victims of crime and to eliminate criminals from our society. Not only have the intelligence agencies provided information on Jameel Yusuf, but his brother Nisar Yusuf's son has been arrested for harbouring terrorists and weapons. Governor of Sindh has very clearly emphasised that he is not removing the CPLC Deputy Chief because of any personal grudge. A copy of the letter addressed to the IGP has been sent to the Prime Minister's Secretariat and, according to sources there, the Prime Minister has expressed her satisfaction on the Governor's decision". Since everything that any member of the government denies is taken by the public as being the gospel truth, we immediately understand that the honourable Governor does indeed harbour a "personal grudge" against the chiefs of the CPLC. Jameel's nephew was picked up by the police, interrogated, tortured and then released on bail. Jameel has received no intimation from anyone regarding his "dismissal". The IGP has received no letter from the Governor as reported.. The Sindh Home Secretary knows nothing about Jameel's dismissal. The good editor of Jang, when I spoke to him, said he has evidence to substantiate what his paper has printed. Why is Kamaluddin being so inept? He cannot even 'fix', after having been trained by the original 'fixer'. Now to state terrorism in Rawalpindi, where the 'high-ups' are having a field day with Minoo Bhandara and his 135-year-old Muree Brewery, the products of which have enriched our governments enormously and given pleasure to many of our citizens. In October 1994, Bhandara, aggrieved by a government decisions, instructed his Karachi representative to file a petition in the Sindh High Court and he then went abroad. Before the representative could act, he was summoned to his local police station by DSP Siddiqui. He was made to stand for three hours. He was threatened. Unless he agreed to desist from filing the petition, he would be charged with 'harbouring dacoits', the book would be thrown at him, and he would be arrested. The terrorised man gave in. Bhandara returned to Pakistan, went to court, and obtained Supreme Court orders in his favour. Because of this, he is now being terrorised and harassed. The Income Tax department, the FIA, the CIA, and the rest of the gang, were all brought into play and his life has been made miserable. In December 1995, his bottle-making plant at Hattar was closed down by the authorities on a putrid excuse. After much running around he managed to get it back into operation. Thereafter he received threats emanating from various 'high-up' quarters and was told that his brewery would be closed down. Those conveying the threats were apologetic, telling him they were helpless. On January 17, without notice, armed police, under the orders of the Assistant Commissioner, raided his brewery, arbitrarily shut it down and sealed it, locking out some 300 men. Bhandara appealed to the Lahore High Court at Rawalpindi, where on January 22, Justice Allahnawaz told the AC that 'due process' had not been followed, that he should review his hasty action. The AC asked for time to consult his 'superiors' and the case has been adjourned to January 29. Optimistic Bhandara has now made a public appeal to the President. This was printed in the Islamabad edition of The Nation, under the heading "Muree Brewery illegally unlawfully closed." The narrative states: "Ostensible reason: The sealing was necessitated in the interest of industrial peace. Real reason: Supreme Court decisions in the Brewery's favour which have upset the business interests of the most powerful and influential person of Pakistan." Moving to Islamabad, here also we find targets of terrorismthe judges of our Supreme Court. The Judges Case, which has been dragging on since November as it has been adjourned again and again on the request of the government, was fixed for hearing on January 21. That morning a 'voice' telephoned the Registrar and informed him that a bomb had been planted in the Supreme Court and recommended that the building be evacuated. Consulting his brother judges, the Chief Justice disregarded the terroriser's call and commenced proceedings. Attorney-General Qazi Jameel stated he was not ready to plead, as did the lawyers engaged by the government, former AG Yahya Bakhtiar and the party's Cambridge Chaudhry, Aitzaz Ahasan, the judges were firm, sufficient leeway had been gives, no further adjournments would be granted. The AG droned on for three days, until the rising of the court on January 23. Whilst closing, he very correctly thanked the court for hearing him with patience and tolerance, whereupon Justice Ajmal Mian was constrained to observe that he had left unanswered too many of the questions asked by the court. We are desperately in need of a strong independent judiciary. Each man, howsoever and wheresoever he finds himself, should do his best to see that the goal is attained. My friend the Jadoogar, amicus curiae Sharifuddin, will be the last to rise and address the court in the Judges Case. He has been "terrorised" as has been the poor petitioner . Habibul Wahabul Khairi who too has suddenly received income-tax demands relating to his past long closed assessments. Nevertheless, it is hoped that the clever and indeed very competent Sharifuddin will redeem himself, guide the court correctly, and set us right. DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS 960129 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Political power and the judiciary ------------------------------------------------------------------- Ayaz Amir ARDESHIR COWASJEE has been writing about the judiciary and its plight for some weeks now but, I strongly suspect, without eliciting from the public at large the kind of interest or concern that would have been kindled in any other democratic society. At the best of times the mercurial temperament of our people is such that they can get hysterical over trifles whereas matters of greater importance leave them cold and indifferent. Our past is replete with instances of serious agitations arising over non- issues while no one lost any sleep over the secession of East Pakistan. Nowadays of course the national capacity for indignation has been dulled by the realisation that in the Islamic Republic no exercise is more useless than the expression of outrage. When tales of corruption and plunder that would leave the heavens amazed have not the slightest effect on anyone, why should the indirect harassment of the Chief Justice of Pakistan make the mountains weep? The bare details of this harassment, first reported by Ardeshir Cowasjee in his column and not convincingly rebutted by anyone in authority, are clear enough. In November last year a contingent of the Sindh police raided the house of the Chief Justice of Pakistans son- in-law who is a superintending engineer in a government department. Luckily for him he was not at home. A few days later a notification was issued suspending him from service. Such things do not happen in Pakistan just like that. In a country where even modest bigwigs are usually above the law, distinguished sons-in-law like, say, Mr Irfanullah Marwat, or distinguished fathers- in-law such as Mr Hakim Ali Zardari enjoy an exalted status. Even if they do anything blameworthy no harm can come to them. In the case of the Chief Justices son-in-law he has not done anything which makes his victimisation all the more strange. What adds to the sense of drama in this affair is the writ filed in the Peshawar High Court by a lawyer with known PPP leanings challenging the appointment of the Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, who was elevated to his present position over the heads of several colleagues senior to him. Is the proximity of these two events a mere coincidence or are they links in a chain whose purpose is to punish the father-in- law for any sins that he may have committed? All that we know is that the Chief Justice has admitted for hearing the so-called judges case in which, to the governments visible chagrin, the merit and worth of recent appointments to the higher judiciary have been called into question. The Chief Justice certainly has not committed any impropriety in admitting this writ for hearing. The trouble, however, is that the culture of power has sunk to such low depths in this country that those who are in power expect even chief justices to behave like SHOs. Going into the merits of the judges case would be improper because it is currently sub judice. But something can be said about the harassment directed, if only by proxy, at the Chief Justice of Pakistan because nothing like it has happened in this country before. Not that this is the first time in Pakistan that a government has been unhappy with a judge. All Pakistani rulers, regardless of whether the form of government is a dictatorship or a democracy, have been at heart tinpot Mughal princes, exercising power arbitrarily and chafing at the bit when there has been the slightest check on their authority. Difficult judges, therefore, run counter to the spirit of Pakistani governance. The vital difference, however, is that in the past governments have never resorted to vulgar or bazaar tactics when dealing with awkward judges. They have taken care to observe some minimal standards of decency. Ayub Khan was not particularly enamoured of Justice Kayani whose bold speeches in defence of civil liberties were an irritant for the martial law regime. But no relative of Justice Kayanis was picked up as a consequence on the orders of the Field Marshal or on those of the feared Nawab of Kalabagh who was then guiltier of West Pakistan. Zulfikar Ali Bhutto had no patience with an independent judiciary but he did not use police methods in order to bring it under his thumb. He mutilated the constitution which for all its reprehension was still a case of using the law rather than anything else to subvert the law. General Zia-ul-Haq, of course, was the master- user and abuser of the judiciary. When it suited his purposes no one could lay himself out more to flatter the lords of the higher judiciary. His purposes achieved, he enacted the Provisional Constitutional Order (the infamous PCO) which required the judges of the high courts and the Supreme Court to take a fresh oath of loyalty to a dispensation which had stripped them of their constitutional powers. That this was a humiliation which he was visiting upon the judiciary  the same judiciary which had earlier subscribed to the wisdom of necessity  was obvious enough. But, if anything, it was a metaphysical humiliation. The ISI did not go rounding up individual judges. In any case, what is sauce for a military government should not be sauce for a government which never tires of proclaiming its adherence to the finest tenets of democracy. Where this government should have prided itself on strengthening the judiciary it has done what has lain in its power to weaken it. Three of the four high courts are still without permanent chief justices. Justice Nasir Aslam Zahid was transferred from the chief justiceship of Sindh to the Federal Shariat Court because his liberal ways sat uncomfortably with the governments prejudices. The criteria adopted for the appointment of fresh high court judges (the subject matter of the writ currently being heard in the Supreme Court) were such as to generate a country- wide controversy. But to crown this distinguished record comes the crude harassment of the Chief Judge of Pakistan. To harass my daughter is to harass me. To harass the Chief Justices daughter is to harass the Chief Justice. Greater than the distinction of presiding over a system of corruption and mal-administration that has no parallel in the nations history is the audacity which informs this undertaking. A government capable of this is capable of anything. And in proving itself so capable it has reduced not only itself. It has diminished the dignity of the state as well because a country whose chief justice can be so harassed is a country where the last props of decency are in danger of falling away. Let us forswear the nonsense of wanting to join the ranks of the Asian tigers. The rate at which we are destroying the traditions and institutions necessary for a society based on order and justice, we should rather be dreading the example of those African countries which are headed towards anarchy. None of this is to suggest that we should fool ourselves about our superior judiciary. If ever its history is written it will not be written in characters of gold. But this aspect of the matter aside, the fact remains that if I as a citizen of Pakistan have any fundamental rights these are guaranteed not by GHQ or the FIA but by the constitution whose custodian the judiciary is. If my fundamental rights are violated, the only door I can knock at is that of the judiciary. A strong judiciary is thus a check on the Mughal tendency which shapes the spirit of governance in Pakistan. By the same token an attack on the judiciary, or the person who sits at its apex, is an attack on the fundamental rights of every citizen of Pakistan. So portentous a matter if you think closely about it. And yet so small the outrage it has occasioned. The reason for this no doubt lies in the impoverishment of our public morality. So inured have we become to scandals and shenanigans that nothing amazes us anymore. Not even such priceless news as the reported offer of Ms Bhutto to make Senator Jehangir Badr the chief justice of Pakistan. No doubt this offer (at a gathering of the party faithful) was made in jest. But then it is a measure of the steep road down which we have travelled that some years ago no Pakistani ruler would have had so complete a lack of culture as to utter a joke in such poor taste. DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS 960130 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Pakistan: no cause for dismay ------------------------------------------------------------------- Irshad Ullah Khan THE greatest liberty we have is in knowing that everything dies in our universe. This thought equalises all. The mega-sun to the smallest of stars. The super-human to the disabled wanderer in the streets. Political systems as such are logical only till they serve the people. The collapse of the Soviet Union was the result of a system that had stopped serving the very people for whom it had been so closely designed. Now whether the present system in Russia can survive also depends upon its fulfilling the dreams of the people, or shall we put it better, by meeting the needs of the people. The purpose of this article is not to discuss in detail the dying of systems or why they die. Nor does it aim at establishing a theory of developing systems that never die. The purpose here is to discuss briefly that mega-guerilla war, the Afghan event, that largely shaped our relationship with the United States of America and so dominated the politics of this region while it lasted. The aim of this war, as far as the United States was concerned, was only one: to bleed the Soviet Union to death financially and divert its vast energies to an un winnable war so that its agriculture, its industry and its capacity to look after the every-day needs of its people would come to an end. Who were to be the warriors? Who were to be the front-line managers acting for the superpower? In this the United States found Pakistan a ready ally and the Afghan people wonderful warriors. It did not have to worry about any problem directly affecting it. No body bags to be sent home. Here at the end of the century lived two nations who could put forward the idealism of Islam before them and so battle without fear for life. What wonderful allies to have? The system then set its sights. The Afghans were vulnerable from the skies. They could take on a tank with a vintage 303 rifle if necessary. But then this bravado was self-defeating. With modern weapons, these tigers of men could take on anyone. The Stinger missile was a great gift. It turned the tide of battle. Now the helicopters with their sights trained on moving men and signs of smoke hinting of men around a hastily prepared meal were vintage compared to the swift and deadly outcome of a single stinger burst. The question now was: how long could the Soviet Union continue to lose its aircraft and have the ability left to reinforce its ground troops? Many other weapons were introduced by the United States but the Stinger continued to be the dominant one. With bodybags flying home and public opinion building up against a war-drenched faltering economy, the tide of battle for the Soviets began to change. It was now only a question of when. It came swiftly with the Soviet Union withdrawing. They could have used their awesome power to win. They could have flattened Afghanistan and Pakistan with atomic reprisals. But the great Soviet spirit born of music and literature and the arts could not countenance such destruction. So it withdrew from death, hoping that life would grow where it left. It was a similar event as the American withdrawal from Vietnam. What were we left with after this war? Hordes of drug-addicts and the Kalashinkov culture in Pakistan. A nation that concentrated so savagely on the Afghan war that it forgot to educate its own people, to feed them properly and to provide medical facilities for them. Our system of governance had collapsed in this period of the Afghan war. In Afghanistan we have a nation of largely divided Afghans so paranoically engaged in fighting each other that they cannot agree on a common formula for peace or on an interim arrangement for governance. It is not only the Soviet Union that lost this war. Both Pakistan and Afghanistan have lost the victory they thought they had won. Does this diminish Pakistans geographic and political importance in this region? Are we still chasing the illusion of a holy war? On one side we have India which seeks to compete with the United States as a superpower. Its military budget and research into new weaponry are aimed at challenging the lead of the United States in this field. The new Indian missiles and their advances in radar research in some cases are ahead of United States technology. Their advances in industry and their ability to sell consumer items from airconditioners, refrigerators, washing machines to cars and power systems at half the price of those produced in the United States threaten the very economy of the United States. India with its eight hundred million-odd population can afford to slash its prices and challenge the productivity and competitiveness of the United States in the world markets. On the other side of Pakistan we have nations which are determined to bring the long-awaited renaissance of Islamic thought and ideology to fruition. For the United States the Indian option and the Islamic option pose equal dangers. The first threatens its economic life and the second confronts its spiritual ideals. Both are interlinked and in time thrive on each other. Therefore, in Pakistan we should not worry too much on our being isolated in a world where mainly Machiavellian self interests matter. We are the buffer state. A country where people are largely forgiving and moderate. A nation that bears its religion in its soul and not on the sharp edges of its weapons. On us depends the future of this subcontinent and the intellectual and moral influences that will determine the idealism of Islam in the region. We have our borders touching or close to those of the new independent states of the former Soviet Union. A lot on how they react will depend upon how we act. We can become the Switzerland or Singapore of this region. We have vast resources as yet untapped. A buffer state yes but what a buffer state! With a long coastline and rich plains and deserts and mountains that promise crops, and oil and gas, and vast minerals, and men and women capable of reaching the greatest heights  we are in an ideal situation to bargain for our own prosperity in a world where there are no permanent friends. DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS 960131 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Blandishments for victory ------------------------------------------------------------------- Editorial Column SPORT was supposed to be not a question of winning at all costs but of playing the game well. Defeat and victory were unimportant as long as you had put in your best and had conducted yourself fairly. Admittedly, in the world of professional sport, where sport is a thriving industry rather than anything that the ancient Greeks would recognise, this sounds like a quaint notion. Modern sport is a fiercely competitive business in which the biggest rewards are for winning. But even against this inevitable backdrop, the incentives for the Pakistan cricket team announced by Mr Asif Ali Zardari, who heads the committee looking after the arrangements for the World Cup, are breathtakingly materialistic. If our team wins the cup, he has declared, every player will get a residential plot in Islamabad and his share of Rs five million which will be distributed amongst the team. If this be the price of modern sport, then there is something terribly wrong with it. There is no question about it that as a nation we need to do more to encourage every kind of, sportfrom cricket, hockey and athletics to kabaddi and wrestling. For a nation of a hundred and twenty or thirty million souls our impact on the world sporting scene is so pathetic as to be almost an affront to our national pride. But the way to encourage sport is not to hold a bunch of carrots before a squad of men who only understand the language of money but to nourish and train our young and to spend a trifle more than we do on setting up new sporting facilities throughout the country. The Pakistan cricket team, as indeed any other Pakistan team, should be putting in its best as a matter of course and as a matter of personal pride and not because of the prospect of residential plots or heaps of money. There is, of course, an element of big money in sport nowadays because of the sponsorship of private companies. To get such sponsorship is every sportsperson's privilege. But between this and the blatant incentives announced by Mr Zardari there is a world of difference. Certainly sportsmen should not get a shabby deal. They must get the best facilities and be looked after properly. But if they are inspired to stretch their capabilities only by the prospect of profit and other benefits, then they are doing no service to their game or to the nation which exults in their victories and is cast down by their defeats. As the hosts of the World Cup we should be putting our best foot forward: cleaning up our cities, improving our transport facilities and ensuring that a check, even if a temporary one, is kept on the indiscipline which is so much a part of our national character. These are the things that we should be concentrating on. As for our cricketers, we should be expecting them to take their training seriously and to take their minds off the jealousies and the intrigues which have reduced them from cricketing champions to cricketing bumpkins. But they should be doing this for the joy of competing,-for the thrill of playing before their own people and for the pure pleasure that a well-deserved victory brings and not for any plots in Islamabad promised to them by Mr Zardari. DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS 960201 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Living up to commitments to IMF ------------------------------------------------------------------- Sultan Ahmed ELABORATE details of the binding commitments to the IMF in the fiscal, monetary and overall macro-economic sector have been published which makes pretty chilly reading. They have not been released for publication by the government but by city newspapers, as was the case with the details of the ESAF. The government entered into rigid and varied commitments to obtain a stand-by arrangement of 600 million dollars for 15 months beginning from December last in place of the scraped Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility over three yeas to get 1.5 billion dollars from the IMF. Publishing details of commitments with foreign countries or major multilateral donor agencies has not been part of our tradition as that can be too embarrassing and can give rise to heated controversies. The detailed commitments now entered into are subject to continuous monitoring and inspection by periodic visits of IMF missions, like the one which has already arrived on a fortnight visit, prior to giving 150 million dollars more following the 200 million already provided. The commitments may seem a violation of Pakistans economic sovereignty to the unwary, but they are more like the commitments undertaken by Pakistan for the 1.5 billion ESAF deal violated by the current years budget, the excessive bank borrowing of the government and other deviation and not very different from the agreements with IMF over the last 20 years, but are more detailed, and subject to greater scrutiny and swifter punishment. These conditionalities are not far different from what a prudent private sector banker would come up with when lending to a profligate borrower, except in the case of the private sector deals the bank can foreclose on the assets mortgaged, and the IMF cant do that with sovereign nations. The new commitments show the kind of price the country has to pay for its financial folly, and economic lapses, of over decades of government spending far beyond their means, with large administrations from top to bottom doing so little for the good of the people or economic growth of the country. They spared the agricultural rich from taxation and developed a fiscal system in which excessive cumulative taxation in some areas co-exist with excessive corruption in the taxation machinery. Along with that, high economic growth targets were followed by poor performance and yet the official efforts have been to sustain a phoney euphoria instead of getting down to doing first things first in a heavily populated poor country with a high population growth of 3 per cent and markedly high expectations, but poor per capita income growth. The importance of the IMF as the worlds monetary agency to Pakistan does not lie in the volume of money it lends at very low interest rates, but the chit of economic health from it necessary to get a fair deal from the World Bank, Asian Development Bank and other donors, including Japan, Pakistans largest aid-giver following the fading out of the US in this area. Without such a chit Pakistan will find borrowing from world currency markets on short term difficult and foreign investors on whom we are depending excessively now will not be excited about coming to Pakistan. This does not mean the IMF is always right and it does not give contradictory advice and come up with self-defeating programmes in developing countries and that it does not have the same kind of economic pills to prescribe for various economic ills of developing countries quite different from each other. But after mismanaging their economies for long due to bad politics and worse administrations, countries like Pakistan have hardly any other option, save increasing self reliance. Over the years the officials who had negotiated various deals with the IMF had argued that if the going got too tough they could always deviate or resile from some of the commitments, while paying homage to the whole package. Hence the IMF has been tightening the screws more and more and sending more inspection teams to Pakistan. Will that happen again now? The government has agreed to raise the value of the Produce Index Unit (PIU) for wealth tax purposes from Rs 250 (it was raised from Rs 200 this year) to Rs 400, and include farm machinery cars and farm houses as assets for tax purposes. The farmlords had resented all such moves in the past. Will they fall in line now after they have failed even the Ushr collection totally? And can the government compel them? At the other end a hefty turnover tax of two per cent is to be levied on cottage industry. The small scale sector which has been growing at a steady 8.2 per cent annually despite small assistance from the government and very little of bank loans will resent this tax, and collecting the full revenues may be too difficult. Industry and consumers in general will welcome reduction of import duties to an average of 50 to 55 per cent from July 1 after scraping the 10 per cent regulatory duty levied by the mini-budget. But what is given through reduction in import duties may be taken away by the General Sales Tax which is to be converted into the Value Added Tax (VAT) at the manufacturing and import stage. Exemptions from GST are to be done away with, except for a few basic items like food stuff, fertilisers and pesticides, and all exemptions which are a part of tax packages to a sector or region have to go. And GST is to be extended to the capital goods along with immediate refund of unused tax credit. All industries under capacity tax schemes will be brought under the regulatory GST regime when the capacity tax schemes expire. At the other end the government has agreed there will be no salary increases in the next budget despite the 13 per cent inflation officially and far higher actually? Government employees are already too restive and have been campaigning for higher salaries. Can the government ask them to lie low for another year? The IMF talks of lowering the inflation from the current persistent 13 per cent and the government talks of bringing it down to a single digit to meet the 9 per cent target earlier set for the current year. How can that be achieved when the farmers are pressing for higher support prices, and right now sugar cane growers are not content with even Rs 27 per 40 kg at which the sugar mills are buying cane in Sindh instead of the officially fixed Rs 21.75, and are insisting on Rs 35 to Rs 40 as Punjab cane-growers are demanding. Now if they have to pay wealth tax at Rs 400 per PIU and let the agricultural machinery, cars and farm houses also to be taxed, they will demand for higher farm prices. If along with that, higher or more widespread VAT is to neutralise the reduction in import duties, and the additional taxation of 1.4 per cent of the GST to be levied by the next budget raises about Rs 30 billion more as taxes, the volume of bank credit to producing units is to be reduced and interest rates are to remain at their peak, how can inflation come down? Meanwhile, the government has gone on a wild bank borrowing spree, and instead of the target of Rs 28.1 billion set for the whole year and Rs 18.24 billion borrowed in the same six months last year, it has borrowed Rs 41.2 billion in the first half of the financial year. The borrowing has come down from its peak of Rs 55 billion earlier, but that is small relief. If the government is going to use so much of the credit at a time when State Bank of Pakistan is restricting credit as a whole excessively in its efforts to bring down inflation, what chance has the producing sectors to get adequate credit and at reasonable rates? The IMF also wants the defence spending to be brought down next year below the 5.3 per cent of the GDP committed this year. Will the government really honour this commitment at a time of increasing tension between India and Pakistan, or will other sectors be asked to share some of the defence burdens? Along with that all, the commitment is to bring down the budget deficit in the second half of this financial year to 4 per cent so that along with the higher deficit in the first half of the year the total will be 4.6 per cent for the whole year compared to 5.6 per cent last year. That means the governments spending has to shrink a great deal, and all lavishness on its part at the higher levels along with it costly ceremonies or phoney carnivals have to go. Will they? The trend is not in that direction. The economic growth rate which was earlier targeted at 6.5 percent is to come down to 5.6 percent this year despite the vastly improved cotton crop and an expected good wheat crop. Evidently if the growth is to be less the official spending, too, must be less and efforts to collect larger revenues must focus on reducing, if not eliminating, the vast corruption in the taxation services, beginning with the Customs. Pre-shipment inspection by two foreign companies may help reduce tax evasion by regular importers, but cannot stop the vast customs-aided smuggling, like the plane-load of whisky bottles flown in from the Gulf and promptly cleared by the Customs. After such rigid and vast commitments, the people would like to see how much of that is honoured or whether the old deviations will be repeated again, and if all that would bring additional hardships, how much of that will be shared by the ruling rich with their varied privileges and vast exemptions. DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS 960201 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Recognition at last? ------------------------------------------------------------------- Editorial Column ARE we as a nation beginning to recognise the greatness of our science Nobel laureate, Professor Abus Salam? It was heartening to observe that Dr Salam's seventieth birthday was celebrated nationally on January 29 and his services to science duly eulogised (This was in marked contrast to his sixtieth birthday, ten years ago, when no notice was taken of the event) Whether this belated recognition will give our leading scientist any satisfaction in the twilight of his life when ill health robbed him of his capacity to play an active role is difficult to say. But the fact is that since he won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1979 Prof Salam has received more acclaim internationally than in his home country. He has won 20 prestigious international awards and has received honorary doctorates from 36 universities from all over the world. True, the Pakistan government did confer Nishan-i-Imtiaz on him in 1979 and the Quaid-i-Azam University awarded him an honorary doctorate. But that was about all that we did in honouring illustrious son-of Pakistan. What is more discouraging is the cavalier treatment meted out to Prof Salam in this country. He has not been given the welcome he deserved as our science hero. Worse still, his repeated efforts to give a boost to science in Pakistan have been coldly spurned. His exhortations to the successive governments to promote science education and research in the universities and other institutions, too have fallen on deaf ears. Nothing could be a bigger insult to a scientist who is a giant in his field. Earlier, he at least enjoyed an important status in his different capacities as scientific adviser to the president member of the National Science Council, Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission and the Pakistan Science Foundation. But since 1975 he has been cold-shouldered, not considering it necessary to involve him in policy planning on science and education. The loss is ours and not Dr. Salam's, for his talent and experience as a leading light of science have been amply regarded and harnessed elsewhere in the world. Whatever the, reason, one thing is plain. The authorities in Islamabad, irrespective of whoever has been at the helm at a given time, have never welcomed advice from any quarter to spruce up its approach to science. Small wonder then that Pakistan is way down the scale in the world of science. It has only 71 scientists per million population as compared to India's 147 and less than 10 percent of them are engaged in research when other countries have as many as 55 percent of their scientists conducting research. This is not surprising in view of the de-emphasis on education generally and science particularly. Thus, only 0.5 percent of the GNP is allocated to science in Pakistan when UNESCO has recommended two percent for this purpose. Prof Salam has on several occasions lamented this sorry state of affairs and suggested ways and means of rectifying these weaknesses in our system. If Pakistan ready wishes to pay a tribute to its Nobel laureate, it must put its acts together and ginger up its performance in the field of scientific education and research.

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SPORTS

960127 ------------------------------------------------------------------- World Cup mascot unveiled ------------------------------------------------------------------- KARACHI, Jan 26: The sixth World Cups mascot was officially launched in a hurriedly called ceremony at a local hotel. The mascot, called `Googlee, was displayed by Chief Executive of the Pakistan Cricket Board (PCB), Arif Abbasi. Also present on the presentation was Mohammad Tahir Memon, representative of the Pakistan Tobacco Company (PTC), the sister organisation of Indian Tobacco Company (ITC) who are the sponsors of the World Cup. The description of the mascot is something like this: A cricket ball is wearing the helmet. Hands and legs emerge from the ball which are equipped with protection guards and the bat in his left hand. The ball, no doubts, appears, perhaps singing the theme which is: Share the Magic. Googlee was conceptualised and designed by Hindustan Thompson Associates (HTA), Calcutta, and the final choice was made from a host of options. DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS 960130 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Incentives for World Cup players announced ------------------------------------------------------------------- LAHORE, Jan 29: Each of the 21 members of the Pakistan team (including the four reserves and three officials) has been promised a lucrative package of incentives by the World Cup Committee Chairman Asif Ali Zardari (MNA). Asif Ali Zardari said that if the Pakistan team succeeded in retaining the title, every member will be given Rs 50,000, a plot of 500 yards each. He promised that the multi-national companies will be requested to sponsor all the members of the squad for ten years. He said that the incentives were being offered not only to make the future of the present lot of cricketers secure but also to lure the youth of the country to take to sports to build a healthier nation. Zardari said national prestige will be enhanced by successfully hosting the sixth World Cup Cricket Tournament. The money earned by the World Cup Committee will be spent on publicity abroad for raising the image of Pakistan as a liberal country having rich cultural heritage. DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS 960128 ------------------------------------------------------------------- PTV-PCB controversy re-emerges ------------------------------------------------------------------- Farhana Ayaz ISLAMABAD, Jan 27: There is no urgency in resolving the PTV-PCB row over coverage of domestic cricket in the country. However, the matter has created doubts between the two organisations prior to the World Cricket Cup commencing on Feb. 14 in the sub-continent. It has been learnt that the rekindled rift involves a part of the agreement concerning the 50 minute recorded highlights of the domestic matches. There is no disagreement on the live coverage of the domestic cricket games between local teams which Pakistan Television network can televise free of cost. However, controversy re-emerged following differences in the agreement on the recording of the 50 minute highlights in which in addition to a payment of US $ 50,000, five minute commercials are also to be provided by the cricket board to PTV. It is learnt that while PCB wants to pay the amount it was backing out over the five minute commercial point, the Pakistan Cricket Board already hired a TWI producer, Mark Lynch, based in Bombay to produce the highlights for the network. The highlights were also to be televised on the satellite. Speaking on terms of anonymity, an official of PTV said that the five minute commercials mean a lot of revenue to the corporation. However he said the amount cannot be disclosed at the moment. He accused the cricket board of working for the interests of TWI, the televising wing of IMG to whom the domestic cricket coverage rights have been sold. The PTV has been taken as a scapegoat here, the official said. The official said that the PTV is watching the situation closely although there is no urgency to resolve the issue which is of lesser importance considering the World Cup is just round the corner. However, he added that the PCB handling has created `bad faith between the two organisations since the two will be jointly working to produce the competition to the millions of viewers and cricket fans in Pakistan. The controversy over coverage of domestic cricket involving local teams was settled him the PCB chief executive obliged a no objection to the Pakistan Television network on Jan 16 after PTV had stayed away from the two semi-finals of the National One-dayer. But, three days later, when the final of the National One-day Cricket Tournament between PIA and Rawalpindi-A was being televised live from Shiekhupura, the rift was rekindled. Apparently, the PCB chief executive decided to withdraw the no objection on 19 and followed it up with a letter to MD PTV on 20th stating that he was under the impression that the document was in accordance with the agreement forwarded by TWI. It was stated that PTV authorities has kept the document intact and will not be interested in giving it back as requested unless negotiations are held to see what agreement can be reached. The cricket board views that it is not entitled to sign an agreement with PTV over the domestic coverage, once the rights have been sold to IMG, herefore the national network should sign an agreement with the company. The PTV officials had stated that since the coverage rights have been sold to IMG, they feared of being sued by the company through international court. Pakistan television has paid an enormous amount of US $750 to WorldTel to cover World Cup matches in Pakistan after PCB sold sole rights of World Cup coverage to the American company. A total of 17 world cup games will be played in Pakistan at different centres, with the opening fixture between UAE-South Africa at Rawalpindi on Feb. 15 and the final being at Lahore on March 17. It is not known how much PCB has received by selling the coverage rights to WorldTel and Grand Slam, the two companies responsible for the World Cup coverage. The Pakistan Television (PTV) has been assigned to play a vital role in the forthcoming World Cup, as its cameramen, producers and engineers will be jointly working to televise the World Cup fixtures. PTV will also be catering to cricket commentary in the 16 fixtures to be held here. Besides, the big cultural extravaganza will be also be covered by the national network. DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS 960130 ------------------------------------------------------------------- TV row continues to cloud World Cup ------------------------------------------------------------------- NEW DELHI, Jan 29: With the World Cup less than a fortnight away, it is still uncertain whether audiences around the world will be able to watch live television coverage of the mega-event. The bone of contention is the ongoing row over TV rights, which shows no signs of being resolved. Indias state-run Doordarshan network has gone to court over the organisers decision to cancel its contract for exclusive satellite rights because of a financial dispute and award them to the pan-Asian network STAR TV. When the Delhi High Court passes judgement on the case this week, it is almost certain that the losing party will appeal to the Supreme Court, further delaying a final decision on the contentious issue. A big question mark also hangs over whether the Indian government will allow the London-based Grand Slam company, the official TV producers of the World Cup, to beam Indias 17 matches live around the world. India prohibits foreign TV companies from uplinking with satellites from its soil for security reasons, and World Cup officials fear the government may deny permission if Doordarshans rights are not restored. An Indian politician added a touch of intrigue to the issue earlier this month by granting uplinking facilities to Grand Slam in his capacity as a cabinet minister, despite Doordarshans objections. Madhavrao Scindia, who heads the World Cup organising committee, gave the permission shortly before he resigned from the government on corruption charges. Cricket officials are unsure if Scindias go-ahead would hold after his resignation, and are contemplating legal action against the government if the permission to uplink was refused. Co-hosts Pakistan and Sri Lanka, who have received uplinking permission from their respective governments, have already offered to take Indias 17 matches, including the two semi-finals. If the TV row was not resolved. You cant have a World Cup if the matches are not shown live on television, a Pakistani cricket official said. If India cant solve its problems, we are ready to step in. PILCOM has sold the rights to various networks around the world, and going back on those deals will cost us heavily, he said. Observers here believe one way out of the impasse was an out-of-court settlement in which both Doordarshan and STAR are allowed to telecast the tournament. The World Cup, crickets premier limited-overs contest, runs from February 11 to March 17. Pakistan will host 16 matches, including the final at Lahore, while Sri Lanka will hold four league games.
DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS PLAY THE WORLD CUP LIVE BE THERE WITH YOUR DREAM TEAM DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS*DWS Announcing the dream team competition. Your chance to select your own cricket team, track its performance in the World Cup and all this from the comfort of your home! HOW TO PLAY February 14 - March 18 1996, the 6th World Cup will be played in India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. A total of 168 players, 14 from each of the 12 countries will play the World Cup. 1 Pick 14 players out of the 168 play ers of the 12 participating teams. All teams must not include more than 2 players from any of the 12 participating countries. 2 Once you have selected your Dream Team and your entry has been registered you are ready to play in the World Cup. The progress of your Dream Team will be calculated and monitored by the Dream Team Score System. 3 The Dream Team Score System will calculate the performance of the players of each Dream Team. The winning Dream Team is decided on the basis of the following. SCORING SYSTEM Every run scored by your team member 1 point Every wicket taken by your bowler 20 points Every catch/stumping taken by your fielder 5 points The points of all 168 players, including those in your Dream Team, will be accumulated. At the end of the -Tournament, the Dream Team with the highest number of accumulated points will be declared the winner. 4 You entry form must reach this address e-mail Address: dws@biruni.erum.com.pk Postal Address: Dream Team DAWN Newspaper 2nd Floor Haroon House, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed Road, Karachi 74200, PAKISTAN not later than February 13, 1996. On receipt, your entry form will be offically registered in the Dream Team Competition. No amendment can be made once registration is completed. In the event of, and for whatever reason, the player/s selected by you does/do not play in one or more or all matches, the performance of only the remaining players in your team will be calculated. In the event of, and for whatever reason, a no match/abandoned match situation arises, no point will be awarded to the players. 5. Your Dream Team must include atleast one wicketkeeper, 3 specialist batsman and 3 specialist bowlers. COMPETITION ENTRY FORM Applications which do not comply with the rules of the Dream Team Competitlon will be disquahfied. (Please use block letters) Name: Age: Education: Profession Family Size: Address: Postcode: Country ID Card No.: Passport No.: Select your Dream Team and then write the number and name of the player choosen. AUSTRALIA 1 MARK TAYLOR (C) 2 AN HEALY (vc) (WK) 3 MICHAEL BEVAN 4 DAMIEN FLEMING 5 STUART LAW 6 SHANE LEE 7 CRAIG McDERMOTT 8 GLEN McGRATH 9 RICKY PONTING 10 PAUL REIFFEL 11 MICHAEL SLATER 12 SHANE WARNE 13 MARK WAUGH 14 STEVE WAUGH ENGLAND 15 MICHAEL ATHERTON (c) 16 ALEC STEWART (vc) (WK) 17 DOMINIC CORK 18 PHILLIP DE FREITAS 19 NEIL FAIRBROTHER 20 DARREN GOUGH 21 GRAEME HICK 22 RICHARD ILLINGWORTH 23 PETER MARTIN 24 JACK RUSSEL 25 NEIL SMITH 26 ROBIN SMITH 27 GRAHAM THORPE 28 CRAIG WHITE HOLLAND 29 STEVEN LUBBERS (c) 30 REINOUT SCHOLTE (vc) 31 FALVIAN APONSO 32 PAUL JAM BAKKER 33 PATER CANTRELL 34 NOLAN CLARKE 35 TIM DE LEEDE 36 ERIK GOUKA 37 FLORIS JANSEN 38 ROLAND LEFEBVRE 39 MARCEL SCHEWE 40 KLAAS JAN VAN NOORTWIJK 41 ROBERT VAN OOSTEROM 42 BAS ZUIDERENT INDIA 43 MUHAMMAD AZHAR-UD-DIN (c) 44 SACHIN TENDULKAR (c) 45 SALIL ANKOLA 46 AJAY JADEJA 47 VILOD KAMBLI 48 AASHISH KAPOOR 49 ANIL KUMBLE 50 SANJAY MANJREKAR 51 NAYAN MONGIA (WK) 52 MANOJ BARBHAKAR 53 VENKETSH PRASAD 54 VENKATAPATHY RAJU 55 NAVJOT SIDHU 56 JAVAGAL SRINATH KENYA 57 MAURICE ODUMBE (c) 58 ASIF KAREEM (vc) 59 RAJAB ALI 60 DEPAK CHUDASAMA 61 TARIQ IQBAL 62 HITESH MODI 63 THOMAS ODOIO 64 ADVERD ODUMBE 65 LAMECK ONYANGO 66 KENNEDY OTIENO 67 MARTIN OWITI 68 BRIJAL PATEL 69 DAVID TIKOLO 70 STEVE TIKOLO NEWZEALAND 71 L.K. GERMON (c) (WK) 72 N.J. ASTLE (vc) 76 C.L. CAIRNS 84 S.P. FLEMING 74 C. HARRIS 81 R. KENNEDY 80 G.R. LARSEN 78 D.K. MORRISON 77 D.J. NASH 73 A.C. PARORE 79 D.N. PATEL 75 C. SPEARMAN 83 S.A. THOMPSON 82 R.G. TWOSE PAKISTAN 85 WASIM AKRAM (C) 86 MMIR SOHAIL (VC) 87 IJAZ AHMED 88 MUSHTAQ AHMED 89 SAEED ANWAR 90 INZAMAM-UL-HAQ 91 MQIB JAVED 92 RASHID LATIF (WK) 93 SALIM MALIK 94 JAVED MIANDAD 95 SAOLAIN MUSHTAO 96 RAMIZ RAJA 97 ATA-UR-REHMAN 98 WAQAR YOUNIS SOUTH AFRICA 99 HANSIE CRONJE (C) 100 CRAIG MATTHEWS (VC) 101 PAUL ADAMS 102 DARYL CULLINAN 103 ALAN DONALD 104 FANIE De VILLIERES 105 ANDREW HUDSON 106 JACOUES KALLIS 107 GARY KIRSTEN 108 BRIAN McMILLAN 109 STEVE PALFRAMAN (WK) 110 SHAUN POLLOCK 111 JONTY RHODES 112 PAT SYMCOX SRI LANKA 113 ARJUNA RANATUNGA (C) 114 ARAVINDA De SILVA (VC) 115 MAVAN ATAPATTU 116 UPUL CHANDANNA 117 KUMARA DHARMASENA 118 ASANKA GURUSINGHE 119 SANATH JAYASURIYA 120 R0MESH KAWWITHARANA (WK) 121 ROSHAN MAHANAMA 122 MUTTIAH MURALITHARAN 123 RAVINDRA PUSHPAKUMAR 124 HASHAN TILLEKERATNE 125 CHAMINDA VAAS 126 PRAM0DAYA WICKREMASINGHE UAE 127 SULTAN ZARWANI (C) 128 SAEE D ALSAFFAR (VC) 129 IMTIAZ ABBASI (WK) 130 SHAHZAD ALTAF 131 MOHAMMED ASLAM 132 SHAUKAT DUKANWALA 133 SHEIKH MAZHAR HUSSEIN 134 MOHAMMAD ISHAO 135 ARSHAD LAIO 136 VIJAY MEHRA 137 GANESH MYLVAGANAM 138 SALIM RAZA 139 SYED AZHAR SAEED 140 JOHANNE SAMARASEKERA WEST INDIES 141 R.B. RICHARDSON (C) 142 J.C. ADAMS 143 C.E.L. AMBROSE 144 K.L.T. ARTTHURTON 145 I.R. BISHOP 146 C.O. BROWNE (WK) 147 S.L. CAMPBELL 148 S.C. CHANDERPAUL 152 C.E. CUFFY 149 O.D. GIBSON 150 R.A. HARPER 151 R.l.C. HOLDER 153 B.C. LARA 154 C.A. WALSH ZIMBABWE 155 A. FLOWER.(C/WK) 156 E.A. BRANDES 157 A.D.R. CAMPBELL 158 S. DAVIES 159 C.N. EVANS 160 G.W. FLOWER 161 A.P.C. LOCK 162 H.R. OLONGO 163 S. G. PEALL 164 H.H. STREAK 165 P.A. STRANG 166 B.C. STRANG 167 A. C. WALLER 168 G. J. WHITALL 38

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